From How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School
1. Experts chunks information into meaningful units.
Experts notice features and patterns that are not apparent to novices.
E.g. Chess players can recall board positions much more accurately because they see boards in terms of patterns whereas novices only see them as a collection of positions for individual pieces.
Having domain knowledge that is organized into hierarchies and networks of concepts helps experts with the process of chunking. The knowledge possesses by novices is less organized.
Another example: expert electronic technicians could recall more details of circuits because they recognized circuits in terms of functional units e.g. Amplifiers.
Similarly physicists recognize problems based on the principles they represent e.g. Rlative velocities, and not on surface features (e.g. River currents vs. Airplane drag)
2. The knowledge of experts is organized around core concepts and principles.
E.g expert physicists organized problems based on the principles underlying them. They could also explain why those principles are relevant. Novices organized problems based on the equations they would use to solve them.
Example 2: when asked to separate problems into groups based on similarity, experts created groups such as "involving conservation of energy" whereas novices created groups such as "problems involving inclined planes".
1. Experts chunks information into meaningful units.
Experts notice features and patterns that are not apparent to novices.
E.g. Chess players can recall board positions much more accurately because they see boards in terms of patterns whereas novices only see them as a collection of positions for individual pieces.
Having domain knowledge that is organized into hierarchies and networks of concepts helps experts with the process of chunking. The knowledge possesses by novices is less organized.
Another example: expert electronic technicians could recall more details of circuits because they recognized circuits in terms of functional units e.g. Amplifiers.
Similarly physicists recognize problems based on the principles they represent e.g. Rlative velocities, and not on surface features (e.g. River currents vs. Airplane drag)
2. The knowledge of experts is organized around core concepts and principles.
E.g expert physicists organized problems based on the principles underlying them. They could also explain why those principles are relevant. Novices organized problems based on the equations they would use to solve them.
Example 2: when asked to separate problems into groups based on similarity, experts created groups such as "involving conservation of energy" whereas novices created groups such as "problems involving inclined planes".
